Biochemical Composition of Embryonic Blue Crabs \u3ci\u3eCallinectes sapidus\u3c/i\u3e Rathbun 1896 (Crustacea : Decapoda) from the Gulf of Mexico

Blue crab Callinectes sapidus embryos from the Mississippi Sound were sampled in spring and in late summer to determine patterns of biochemical composition and of yolk utilization during embryogenesis and to ascertain potential seasonal differences in biochemical composition. The diameter of spring embryos was similar to 6% greater than summer embryos but this significant size difference was due to increased water content, not to increased organic content. The general trend in initial biochemical composition was similar in both seasons; protein was the primary component at similar to 50% of initial dry weight followed by lipid (similar to 30%), ash (similar to 8%) and carbohydrate (6%). The general trend for utilization of organic reserves during embryogenesis was also similar seasonally. Lipid was the primary component metabolized during embryogenesis (44-48% of initial stores were utilized) followed by protein (13-16% utilized) and carbohydrate (similar to 13% utilized). Calculated on a dry weight basis, spring embryos had significantly lower lipid but significantly higher ash than summer embryos; there were no significant seasonal differences in protein or carbohydrate. Caloric expenditure on a dry weight basis was significantly different seasonally. There appear to be geographic differences among blue crabs; our results differ from those of a previous study of blue crab embryos from North Carolina waters

Planning for Sustainability in Small Municipalities: The Influence of Interest Groups, Growth Patterns, and Institutional Characteristics

How and why small municipalities promote sustainability through planning efforts is poorly understood. We analyzed ordinances in 451 Maine municipalities and tested theories of policy adoption using regression analysis.We found that smaller communities do adopt programs that contribute to sustainability relevant to their scale and context. In line with the political market theory, we found that municipalities with strong environmental interests, higher growth, and more formal governments were more likely to adopt these policies. Consideration of context and capacity in planning for sustainability will help planners better identify and benefit from collaboration, training, and outreach opportunities

Count every newborn; a measurement improvement roadmap for coverage data.

BACKGROUND: The Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP), launched in 2014, aims to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths, with national targets of ≤12 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births and ≤12 stillbirths per 1000 total births by 2030. This requires ambitious improvement of the data on care at birth and of small and sick newborns, particularly to track coverage, quality and equity. METHODS: In a multistage process, a matrix of 70 indicators were assessed by the Every Newborn steering group. Indicators were graded based on their availability and importance to ENAP, resulting in 10 core and 10 additional indicators. A consultation process was undertaken to assess the status of each ENAP core indicator definition, data availability and measurement feasibility. Coverage indicators for the specific ENAP treatment interventions were assigned task teams and given priority as they were identified as requiring the most technical work. Consultations were held throughout. RESULTS: ENAP published 10 core indicators plus 10 additional indicators. Three core impact indicators (neonatal mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, stillbirth rate) are well defined, with future efforts needed to focus on improving data quantity and quality. Three core indicators on coverage of care for all mothers and newborns (intrapartum/skilled birth attendance, early postnatal care, essential newborn care) have defined contact points, but gaps exist in measuring content and quality of the interventions. Four core (antenatal corticosteroids, neonatal resuscitation, treatment of serious neonatal infections, kangaroo mother care) and one additional coverage indicator for newborns at risk or with complications (chlorhexidine cord cleansing) lack indicator definitions or data, especially for denominators (population in need). To address these gaps, feasible coverage indicator definitions are presented for validity testing. Measurable process indicators to help monitor health service readiness are also presented. A major measurement gap exists to monitor care of small and sick babies, yet signal functions could be tracked similarly to emergency obstetric care. CONCLUSIONS: The ENAP Measurement Improvement Roadmap (2015-2020) outlines tools to be developed (e.g., improved birth and death registration, audit, and minimum perinatal dataset) and actions to test, validate and institutionalise proposed coverage indicators. The roadmap presents a unique opportunity to strengthen routine health information systems, crosslinking these data with civil registration and vital statistics and population-based surveys. Real measurement change requires intentional transfer of leadership to countries with the greatest disease burden and will be achieved by working with centres of excellence and existing networks

Race, Slavery, and the Expression of Sexual Violence in Louisa Picquet, The Octoroon

Historically, victims of sexual violence have rarely left written accounts of their abuse, so while sexual violence has long been associated with slavery in the United States, historians have few accounts from formerly enslaved people who experienced it first-hand. Through a close reading of the narrative of Louisa Picquet, a survivor of sexual violence in Georgia and Louisiana, this article reflects on the recovery of evidence of sexual violence under slavery through amanuensis-recorded testimony, the unintended evidence of survival within the violent archive of female slavery, and the expression of “race” as an authorial device through which to demonstrate the multigenerational nature of sexual victimhood

A study of the clathrate compounds of ice, phenol and some paraphenol derivatives

Imperial Users onl

A study to determine the effect of the early introduction of typewritten transcription on achievement in beginning shorthand

Includes bibliographical references (pages 19-20)The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the early introduction of typewritten transcription on achievement in beginning shorthand. The hypothesis to be tested was that the early introduction of typewritten transcription in beginning shorthand has no effect on the development of reading rates, dictation speeds, transcription speeds, mailable letters, and theory knowledge. Nine matched pairs were selected from two beginning shorthand classes at Elk Grove High School, Elk Grove Village, Illinois. The pairs were matched on the basis of grade point average and beginning typing speeds. Both classes were taught in exactly the same manner except that during the first semester the experimental group was given instruction in typewritten transcription. During this time the control group did longhand transcription. During the second semester both classes were taught in exactly the same manner. At the end of the first semester of instruction the matched pairs were compared on the basis of their reading rate scores. At the end of the first year the matched pairs were compared on the basis of the total number of errors made on all theory tests given, the average of the five highest transcription rates, the average of the five best mailable letter grades, and the average of the two best dictation speeds achieved. The findings of the study showed that 1) there was no significant difference on the reading rates achieved at the end of one semester of instruction by the two groups; 2) there was no significant difference on the dictation speeds achieved at the end of one year of instruction by the two groups; 3) there was no significant difference on the mailable letter averages achieved at the end of one year of instruction by the two groups; 4) there was a significant difference on the theory test scores achieved at the end of one year of instruction by the two groups and this difference favored the control group; 5) there was no significant difference on the transcription rates achieved at the end of one year of instruction by the two groups. On the basis of the findings of this study the hypothesis cannot be rejected.M.S. (Master of Science

Incidents in the life of a slave girl. [electronic resource]/

By Mrs. Harriet Jacobs. cf. Cushing, Initials and pseudonyms.Prefaced signed: Linda Brent.Electronic text and image data.Mode of access: Internet

Incidents In The Life of A Slave Girl

Jacobs, Harriet Ann (1813-1897). Incidents in the life of a slave girl. Boston: Published for the author, 1861 First edition E444 J17 A3 186